粘土的酸处理及其产物的x射线衍射测定

Acid Treatment of the Clay and X-Ray Diffractometric Determination of Its Product

高岭土、膨润土、伊利石等粘土矿物经一定浓度的硫酸处理后,化学组成发生明显变化,提高酸浓度,粘土的Al^(3+)和OH^-离子溶出量相对增加,Si/Al比提高.不同浓度硫酸溶液处理所得粘土样品的X射线衍射图,其(∞1)和(hkl)k=3n的衍射峰强度随酸浓度的提高而减弱,并在酸浓度增至一定值时消失;k≠3n的衍射峰受酸浓度的影响较小.Al^(3+)溶出造成粘土组成和结构变化,并可引起表面活性变化.

Obvious changes occur in the chemical composition of such clay minerals as kaolin, amargosite, illite after treating them with sulfuric acid. The increase of acid concentration results in relative increse of Al^(3+) and OH^- stripping in the clay and increase of Si/Al ratio. A comparison is made between x-ray diffractograms of clay specimens treated with sulfuric acid in different concentrations. The diffraction peaks of (ool) and (hlk) k=3N decrease their intensities with the increase of acid concentration and disappear when acid concentration rises to a certain value; while that of k≠3N has an intensity less influenced by acid concentration. A1^(3+) stripping results in the changes in chemical composition and structure of the clay and also in the change in surface activity.