工业企业常用安全评价方法概述

Summary of Practical Safety Evaluation Methods for Industrial Enterprises

安全评价是从事故发生的可能性、影响范围与损失程度等方面入手 ,运用系统工程理论去识别、分析和评价固有或潜在的危险因素。常用的安全评价方法按评价内容可分为过去状态的安全评价 (如事故树分析、事件树分析、因果分析 )、现有工艺过程和生产装置的综合安全评价 (如按企业固有危险性和现实危险性两步评价、评价目标体系的数学模型计算法 )以及系统设计阶段的安全评价。选择中应根据企业生产过程的不同阶段 ,要注意消化吸收国内外科学实用的方法 ,不一味的求新 ;要根据安全系统的复杂性考虑多种方法综合评估 ,或把不同方法结合起来 ;评价过程必须遵循科学性。

Safety evaluation proceeds from the aspects such as possibility of accident, it's influence coverage, extent of damage and so on and uses the theory of system engineering to identify, analyze and evaluate the intrinsic or potential dangerous factors. According to the evaluation contents, generally used safety evaluation methods can be classified as past situation safety evaluation ( FTA, ETA, CCA as examples ), comprehensive safety evaluation of present technological processes and production facilities ( two steps evaluation on the base of enterprises' intrinsic and actual dangers, calculation with mathematical models of evaluation object system as examples ), and safety evaluation in the design phase of system. Thus when one selects safety evaluation methods one should pay attention to digest and assimilate the scientific and practical ones both at home and aboard while considering the different phases of production process in the enterprise and don't blindly purchase the newest ones; one should apply different methods to evaluate comprehensively or use them together in accordance with the complexity of safety system; one should abide with the principles of scientificalness, justice and direction.