小缸径涡流室柴油机用喷油嘴的研究

Fuel injection nozzle used on small bore diesel engine with swirl combustion chamber

该文分析了目前国产涡流室柴油机的机型现状 ,通过理论计算分析指出用一种结构参数的喷油嘴不能满足不同气缸工作容积涡流室柴油机的匹配要求 ,提出为优化柴油机动力性、经济性、排放、噪声及可靠性等综合性能 ,喷油过程必须有合理的喷油持续期 ,应根据柴油机循环喷油量的大小选用不同结构参数和流量的喷油嘴进行匹配试验。文中分析了针阀流通面积、针阀运动的泵吸容积、压力室容积的大小与柴油机循环喷油量的关系 ,以及它们对喷油过程和柴油机性能的影响。结合国内生产实际情况 ,给出了一个轴针式喷油嘴系列设计方案 ,并用试制样品初步进行了试验 ,试验结果表明柴油机的燃油消耗率、排气烟度明显降低 ,性能得到了优化提高。

The paper analyses the present conditions of the domestic small bore diesel engine with swirl combustion chamber, and points out that a single kind of nozzle cannot match with the swirl chamber diesel engine with different piston swept volumes, through theoretic analysis and calculation. In order to optimize power performance, fuel economy, exhaust emission, noise and reliability, diesel engine must have reasonable injection duration, and diesel engine with the different piston swept volumes should match the nozzle with different flux. Relationship between needle flux section, volume caused by needle's movement, section volume and fuel delivery per cycle per cylinder and their effect on injection and performance of diesel engine were analysed. A designing scheme for a series of needle nozzles according to domestic actual conditions, and experiment elementary with the sample were given. The test results show that the fuel economy and smoke of diesel engine are better and the whole performance is improved.