从世界到生活形式——维特根斯坦前后期哲学转变原因探析

Fran World to Form of Life:An Investigation of the Transition of Wittgenstein's Philosophy

一般认为,维特根斯坦前后期哲学转变的原因是语言观的变化。本文结合维特根斯坦跨越两种哲学传统的背景,认为其哲学转变的根本原因是由于前期本体论的内在缺陷而导致的本体论变化。维特根斯坦前期哲学本体论只局限于可说的“世界”,而不可说的神秘之物则被排除在世界之外,这与维特根斯坦珍视神秘之物的初衷相悖,这种内在矛盾促成了前期本体论向后期本体论的转变。这一转变的重大意义在于后期本体论消泯了可说与不可说的界限,是人类社会实践的坚实基础。

In general opinion, the transition of Wittgenstein's philosophy results from his view of language. This paper argues his early and later ontologies and their decisive effect in the context of the influence of two cultures. The early ontology, which delimitates itself in the sayable 'World' and eliminates the unsayable Mystical Things , is contrary to his intention that Mystical Things should be cherished. This inherent contradiction makes the transition from his early ontology to later ontology, which has a great theoretical meaning: the later ontology of 'Form of Life', which deletes the demarcation between what can be said and what can't be said, becomes the solid foundation of human's practice.