北伐前夕北方军政格局的演变:1924—1926年

Evolution of Military and Political Pattern in North China Before the Northern Expedition:1924- 1926

192 4 -1 92 6年间 ,北洋军阀体系的新陈代谢造成的权势更迭相当快速激烈 ,出现正统衰落、边缘兴起的趋势。类似趋向也体现在北洋体系演化的地缘分布上 ,第二次直奉战争因冯玉祥倒戈促成直系垮台 ,吴佩孚稍后复出 ,却挽救不了直系的崩解 ;段祺瑞虽出山 ,皖系也未能再起 ;北洋中较边缘的西北各军和阎锡山的晋军应运而出 ,一度颇能影响国是 ,而后起的奉系和新兴的国民军成为大主角。北伐结束后还能长期存在的北方军事力量正是北洋系统内非正统的东北军、西北军和晋军三部分 ,故后来的北方军事格局其实先已奠定。五卅后出现的“反赤”倾向一度给北洋体系提供了新的整合机会 ,在此旗帜下北方政治和军事皆曾有实际的整合尝试 ,但基本未能成功。

The changes of power caused by metabolism of the Northern Warlords were very radical and led to the rise of minorforces while the orthodoxy forces declined.The long-existed forces after the Northern Expedition were North-eastarmy,North-westarmy,and Jin army which were once non- orthodoxy in northern warlord system.The northern military pattern afterwards had been estab- lished atthat time.The chance for integration of northern warlord system once appeared,but the attempt did notsucced.