博物馆,档案馆,图书馆被保护环境中气态污染物的监测和分级

Monitoring and classification of gaseous pollutants for environmental assessments in preservation environments in museums,archives and library

过去几十年,美国普滤公司合作开发了一种可以用来精确评价被保护环境中存在破坏可能性的技术,用来保护珍贵的文物,艺术品及历史档案资料。他们一方面研究开发了能精确评估被保护环境的反应监测仪器和监测技术,另一方面又制订一套新的环境分级标准,使文物保护者了解被保护环境是否是安全的。现把这种文物、档案、图书保存环境的反应监测技术和环境评估的新标准介绍给国内的同行们。

For the last several years, Purafil compary has been working with a number of institutions to develop and refine techniques with which conservators may accurately gauge the destructive potential of their environments toward those cultural relics,archives and so on. However,no definitive information currently exists which describes the cause - and - effect relationship between specific levels of gaseous pollutants and damage caused to artifacts and archival materials. Because of this, many are questioning the applicability and costs of direct gas monitoring and have turned to an alternate method of environmental classification - reactivity monitoring. This environmental analysis method is currently being used by a number of museums and archives. The validity for this air monitoring technique lies in the fact that many of the contaminants which are of primary concern in preservation environments are corrosive in nature, therefore, can be easily monitored by reactivity monitoring. It was the first involved the development of monitoring tools and techniques that could accurately assess local environments conditions, and the second was the formulation of a classification scheme that would allow conservators to determine if their environments were truly 'preservation environments 'or whether pollutant control measures were indicated. Corrosion classification coupons are passive monitors typically exposed to the environment for a period of 30 - 90 days and then analyzed for the amount and type of corrosion which has formed. This technique can provide cumulative reactivity rates, an assessment of environmental conditions over time, and an indication of type and relative level of corrosive gaseous pollutants. Environmental reactivity monitors (such as: OnGuard 2000) employing metal-plated QCMs can detect and records < 1 ×10-9(lppb) ,This ability is regarded as one of the main requirements for any real - monitoring protocol to be used in preservation environments. A new standard for environmental assessments in preservation environments and reactivity monitoring techniques into conservators in China was introduced.