传统金箔制作工艺调查研究

Investigation on traditional technique of making gold foil

传统的金箔制作工艺是传统金属工艺的重要组成部分。制作金箔的主要和唯一方法是锻造,自商代起一直沿用至今。早期由于未采用隔层材料,只能逐片锻打,厚度也不可能太薄,随着隔层材料的使用,特别是至迟在明代使用的乌金纸,使金箔的厚度大大降低。从最早的逐张锻打发展到目前的一次锻打1000-2000张,生产效率有了极大提高。工序也有了进一步发展细化。科技的发展和大规模的工业化生产,对传统工艺产生了极大的冲击,因此对传统工艺的保护成为当务之急,有效的途径之一是对传统工艺进行调查和研究,为此对南京金线金箔总厂的传统金箔制作工艺进行了调查,从合金的成分、熔炼、打制和切割工具、隔层材料、制作工序等方面对金箔的传统制作工艺流程作了记述。

The traditional technique about making gold foil is a kind of important traditional metal technique in China. The forging is the mostly and only method for making gold foil. It continues to be use from Shang dynasty to the present. At the early times, Gold foils were only forged piece by piece because of not to use interlayer. And its thickness could not be very thin. Along with using interlayer material, the thickness of gold foil was reduced very much, especially making use of a kind of special black paper. This kind of black paper appeared in Ming dynasty at least. Until to Qing dynasty, the thickness of gold foils was very thin just like it could fly in the sky. One time one piece of gold foil forged formerly, but now at a twice or two thousand piece of gold foil could be forged together along with the technique development. The manufacture efficiency is increased very much now. In this paper, the traditional technique about making gold foil was investigated in the Nanjin Gold String And Gold Foil Factory.lt includes the alloy composition, smelting, working procedure and tools. The pure gold was not used in the process because it is too soft and does not have enough intensity to get paper - thin gold foil. So a certain proportion metal just like silver or copper is added into the pure gold to make it to become alloy. There are several kinds of different shape hammers and beakirons to be used in the different procedure while forging gold foil. There are several kinds of interlayer materials,for example black paper,brown paper and Maotai paper. And there are other kind tools. A board with cat skin on surface and bamboo knife is cutting tools. A plume is a moving tool. The procedure of forging gold foil is as follows. Hammering a gold block to thinner, cutting it into small square piece, putting it in the black paper, bundling twenty or thirdly thousands blocks with interlayer of black paper(10cm× 10cm), hammering this package, moving gold foils from small black paper(10cm× 10cm)to large black paper(20cm × 20cm), bundling them, hammering again, and then a very thin gold foil can be got.