英语呼语的礼貌标记功能

English Vocatives as Politeness Markers

呼语是一种天然的礼貌标记语。布朗和列文森(1987)的礼貌理论为呼语的礼貌研究提供了理论依据。根据呼语内在的礼貌含义,可将英语呼语系统区分为郑重、礼貌、亲昵、命令和贬蔑等五个礼貌级次以及积极呼语、消极呼语及中性呼语等三大类别。情感距离和交际距离两个社会学要素的交互作用能够阐释权势与亲疏两个维度影响呼语择用得体性的内在原因,即这两个维度与呼语的礼貌功能有关。

Vocatives are inherent politeness markers. The present study approaches the politeness marking function of the English vocatives largely from Brown and Levinson (1987)s socialcultural perspective of politeness. The English vocatives are classified into five levels, namely, deferential, polite, intimate, commanding and abusive, and three major criteria (positive, negative, and neutral) in terms of the conventionalized politeness implicature they encode. The interaction of two sociological factors ie, affective distance and communicative distance, are found as an explanation of the influence of power and solidarity on the felicity of address forms. Power and solidarity are connected with the politeness function of the English vocatives. 