能源安全要重视内部因素 强调政策体制保障

The Importance of Domestic Factors and Energy Policies to the Energy Security Issue

中国在2002年又创了石油进口的新高。按目前的趋势,中国将在今后一两年内超过日本而成为世界第二,亚洲最大的石油消费国。石油进口的来源将越来越多地依赖于中东地区。能源安全因关系到国家的经济安全,环境安全和国防安全而受到了中国政府的高度重视。然而,中国缺少对能源安全的全面认识和系统组织。最近爆发的伊拉克战争在中国的能源界兴起了能源安全讨论的热潮。与此同时,中国政府的各部门正在经受着应对“非典型肺炎”这样的社会突发事件的严峻考验。把两者表面上毫不相关的事情结合起来,就会引出这样的问题:中国在能源安全方面有没有形成系统,长远的机制?本文认为保障国家能源安全必须从国内因素开始,即只有采取强力有效的措施和系统化的组织,中国才能应对新的能源安全挑战。在着重分析国内影响能源安全因素的基础上,本文为中国建立长期、全面、有效的能源安全系统提出了一系列政策建议。

China’s oil imports reached a new high in 2002. At the current growth rate, China will overpass Japan to be the biggest oil consumer in Asia and the second largest in the world in a couple of years. And a much lager share of oil imports will come from the Middle East. Because of its link to the nation’s economic security, environmental security as well as national security, energy security is on the top of Chinese government’s agenda. However, China lacks a comprehensive understanding of the concept of energy security and a systematic approach towards it. The outbreak of Iraqi war has stirred the discussion on energy security among China’s energy circles. At the same time, the Chinese government is facing a social emergency caused by the outburst of SARS. Combining these two seemingly unrelated events, one may ask whether China has got a systematic and long term approach towards energy security. This paper argues that energy security must first be dealt with domestically, that is, China can tackle the new energy security challenges only when it has put in place some strong and effective measures in a systematic way. After an analysis focusing on domestic factors of energy security, the paper proposes a set of policy recommendations for a long term, comprehensive and effective energy security system in China.