明朝中晚期的人文主义思潮和文艺思潮——论泰州学派对文艺的影响

INFLUENCE OF THE MING TAIZHOU PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOL ON CHINESE LITERATURE

本文第一部分讲泰州学派开创者王艮从王阳明学说四个方面出发,发展为人文主义思想,然后经过王襞、罗汝芳、梁汝元、李贽等人,在明万历年间形成为时代思潮。第二部分说明人文主义思潮代表者与人文主义文艺思潮代表者徐渭、屠隆、王骥德、汤显祖、袁宏道、冯梦龙等人的相互关系。第三部分叙述泰州学派的'大人造命'、 '自然人性论'、'百姓日用是道'和'淮南格物'等命题在人生哲学、伦理哲学和政治哲学诸方面对这一新文艺思潮的影响。第四、第五部分分别从俗文学的流行和'主情说'的发展两方面,分析奠基于人文主义思潮上的市民文学的特征。

(1) How Wang Gen(1483—1540) of Ming dynasty took over four constituent parts of the doctrine of Wang Yangming and developed them into his humanistic ideas,and how Wang Gen and his followers Wang Bi,Luo Rufang,Liang Ruyuan,Li Zhi and others formed the Taizhou School which became influential during the Wanli years(1573—1620).( 2 ) Interrelations between the thinkers Of the humanistic Taizhou School and the humanistic men of the same period: Xu Wei,Tu Long,Wang Jie,Tang Xianzu,Yuan Hongdao arid Feng Menglong. (3) How the Taizhou School's themes,'Great men make destiny','Natural humanity','Truth lies in the daily life of common people' and 'The Huainan style of Investigation of Things' influenced the contemporary trend of lierary ideas.(4)Characteristics of the pop literature of townspeople,which was based on the humanistic trend of thought.( 5 ) Development of the doctrine that 'literature should be infused with deep emotion'.