论王阳明的四句教

ON WANG YANGMING’S FOUR APHORISMS

王阳明的四句教历来在学者中引起很大的误解与争议,而四句教问题与王阳明哲学本身的关涉又甚为巨大,在王学研究中是无法回避的。本文以王阳明学说本身为基础,提出了作者自己对四句教的理解与阐释,认为四句教是王阳明对其自身毕生学说的概括与总结,其中既有形而上学意义上的道德本体论,又始终贯穿着切实的道德实践义理,因而四句教本身在理论上是自成系统、并无矛盾的。基于这种阐释,作者同时也对刘宗周、黄宗羲等人对四句教的误解有所辩证,并简要论述了王畿'四无说'与四句教在形而上学意义上的统一性。

There have always been misunderstandings and controversies among scholars about Wang Yangming's Four Aphorisms:Essence of mind-no good,no ill;Motion of will-some good,some ills Intuitive knowledge-know good,know ill;Investigate things-do good,discard ill.But they are important in Wang's philosophical thinking,and cannot be evaded in its study.The autor's understanding and interpretation of these aphorisms is advanced in this article on the basis of Wang's teachings.It is believed that they constitute Wang's summation of his lifelong studies, which contains both a metaphysical theory of the essence of morality and a practical teaching about the application of morality.Therefore,the Four Aphorisms form a self-consistent the oretical system.On the basis of this(?)interpretation,the author analyses and comments on the way Liu Zongzhon,Huang Zongxi and other scholars misunderstood the Four Aphorisms,and argues that Wang Ji's Theory of the Four Withouts is in agreement with Wang Yangming's Four Aphorsm.