中国流行风疹野病毒E1糖蛋白编码基因的分析

The Analysis of E1 Coding Gene of Wild-type Rubella Viruses Circulated in China

为确定现阶段中国流行的风疹野病毒E1糖蛋白编码基因的变异和基因型别 ,1999年用Vero细胞从安徽省2起风疹爆发病例的咽喉拭子中分离到 5株风疹病毒。用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)从 5株风疹病毒中扩增出E1糖蛋白编码基因 1185个核苷酸片段。通过对扩增产物进行核苷酸序列测定和分析 ,提示这 5株风疹病毒为基因Ⅰ型 ,该型为北美和欧洲的优势毒株。首次证实风疹病毒基因Ⅰ型在中国大陆流行。这 5株风疹病毒E1糖蛋白编码基因与基因Ⅰ型代表株RA 2 7核苷酸差异为 2 7%～ 3 2 %;与中国 1980年分离的风疹病毒基因Ⅱ型代表株BRDⅡ的核苷酸差异为 8 5 %～ 8 6 %。但这 5株病毒的重要抗原位点未发生变异 ,E1糖蛋白氨基酸在所有的分离株中的变异 <3%。开展中国风疹病毒监测和建立风疹病毒毒株库及基因数据库 ,对未来先天性风疹综合征和风疹的控制及消除十分必要。

Genetic characterization of 5 rubella viruses isolated from rubella patients in two outbreaks in Anhui Provinces of the People's Republic of China in 1999 was analyzed.The sequence analysis of the E1 coding gene of 5 isolates indicated that all of the viruses were members of genotype Ⅰ,that is a main genotype containing all of the isolates in the North America and Europe.This is the first evidence that rubella virus genotype Ⅰ also circulates in China's Mainland.These 5 Chinese isolates differed from genotype Ⅰ representative strain(RA27)at 2.7%～3.2% and from genotype Ⅱ representative strain(BRDⅡ)as much as 8.5%～8.6% at the 1443 nucleotides in the E1 gene.Both the genotype Ⅰ and genotype Ⅱ have been found circulating in China so far.The E1 amino acid sequences differed by no more than 3% among all the isolates and no major antigenic variation of the 5 isolates was found. Setting up Chinese rubella virus strain Bank and GeneBank will be helpful in future for accelerating control,surveillance and elimination of congenital rubella syndrome(CRS)and rubella in China.