认知学派:战略管理理论发展前沿

A Literature Review of the Cognitive School in Strategic Management

在最近的二十年中,认知已经被视为战略管理理论构建和经验研究的一个新兴领域,大量的战略学者开始研究和发展概念、方法和论据以构建战略管理的认知观。战略管理认知学派的基本范式是"管理心智模式→决策制定→战略行为→组织绩效",组织绩效又反馈影响管理心智模式。认知学派的研究焦点是管理心智模式和共同心智模式,以及意义构建和意义表达的过程。与产业组织、资源基础等传统理论"把企业的不同行为归因于客观的外部原因"所不同的是,认知学派把管理者定义为有限理性的信息工作者,并在管理者行为中探求企业不同行为的原因。在过去的二十年中,认知学派的研究活动主要围绕着行业视角、战略问题、知识管理、组织转换以及高层管理团队五个主题来研究。

During the past two decades, cognition has come to be viewed as a legitimate area for theory building and empirical research in strategic management, and a significant number of strategy scholars have been developing concepts,models,and methodology to build a cognitive perspective in strategic management. The basic paradigm of the cognitive perspective in strategy is 'managerial mental models→ decision making→strategic behavior→organizational performance', and the organizational performance reinforces or changes managerial mental models. The research foci in the cognitive perspective of strategy are managerial and shared mental models, as well as sense-making and sense-giving processes. In contrast to the traditional research streams of this field, where differences in firm behavior are attributed to objective, external factors, the cognitive school assumes managers to be 'information workers' with bounded rationality and seeks to find answers within individual managers. In the past two decades,research activities from the cognitive perspective in strategy have been conducted mostly around five major topics including industry perspectives, strategic issues, knowledge management, organizational transformation, and top management team.