黄土高原集水农业研究进展

Research on progress of rainwater harvesting agriculture on the Loess Plateau of China

回顾了黄土高原集水农业理论与技术体系的研究成果 ,分析评价了集水农业的研究进展。随着黄土高原集水农业研究方法的改进、研究内容的深入、研究领域的扩充 ,提出了广义性集水农业研究范畴。在黄土高原集水农业理论研究的基础上 ,应加强微集雨微灌溉应用技术、现代集雨技术、计算机控制技术与集雨网络等高新技术手段的技术集成 ,以提高雨水汇集与利用效率。同时 ,黄土高原集水农业的研究已经从微生境条件下的农业生态系统延伸至区域生态环境保育。利用汇集雨水合理调配生态用水 ,进行小流域综合治理 ,农林牧综合发展 。

The Loess Plateau of China is a central zone of Chinese rainfed farming. Over a long period of time, traditional technologies of dryland agriculture have improved rainwater utilization and played a positive role for development of dryland agriculture in this area. But, problems of agriculture production are still going on, such as low productivity, instable agro-ecosystem, low of yield-investment ratio. In 1980s, specialists who are engaged in arid ecology, arid meteorology and dryland agriculture found the limitations of traditional dryland farming. The theory of rainwater harvesting agriculture was raised. In recent twenty years, with the experiment and demonstration and popularization of rainwater harvesting agriculture, they have made a great progress and gave impetus to dryland agricultural production on the Loess Plateau of China. Combined micro-rainwater harvesting technologies with modern dryland agriculture technologies, rainwater harvesting agriculture has been developed into a new and effective technological system of dryland agriculture with distinct Chinese characteristics. All about research of rainwater harvesting agriculture has been involved in this article. The theoretical foundation includes rainwater distribution in time and space, limitation of modern dryland agriculture, multiple development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry and construction of eco-environment. Further, the rainwater harvesting agriculture developed the theory of modern dryland agriculture and established direction of modern dryland agriculture. Moreover, this paper summarized the technological systems of rainwater harvesting agriculture, which are consisted of engineering of rainwater harvesting, water saving irrigation, and physiological and ecological techniques of limited irrigation. In this case, modern dryland agriculture on the Loess Plateau of China would establish a new development model of rainwater harvesting agriculture that would be an objective demand to agricultural sustainable development. Following research method improvement, research content deepen, research field expansion of rainwater harvesting agriculture, the research of it would take aim to generalized direction. On the basis of study of rainwater harvesting agriculture of the Loess Plateau of China, technological integration were reinforced, including limited irritation, non-full irrigation, precise irrigation, micro-rainwater harvesting technologies of dry farmland, network technologies of modern rainwater harvesting, and control technologies of computing system. So, harvesting rainwater use has been improved greatly. Research field of rainwater harvesting agriculture always has been expanded from agricultural ecosystem under micro-irrigation to ecological protection. Rainwater harvesting eco-agriculture should be the development trend of rainwater harvesting agriculture, in which harvesting rainwater would be rationally used, ecological water use of would be adjusted, small valley would be overall controlled, multiple development of agriculture and forestry harness and animal husbandry would be carried out.