成都金沙遗址船棺葬的分析

Analysis of the Boat-coffin Burials From Jinsha, Chengdu

21世纪初,随着成都金沙遗址的大面积揭露,在金沙遗址的多处发掘地点都发现了大量船棺葬。从已公布的金沙船棺葬材料看,有些船棺葬的随葬器物与以往发现船棺葬的器物有较大差异。依据已刊布金沙船棺葬的开口层位及出土器物类型学研究,再与金沙遗址、十二桥遗址、新一村遗址和邻近地区墓葬的出土器物进行对比研究,可把这批金沙船棺葬分为西周晚期、春秋早中期和春秋晚期三期。根据金沙船棺葬的时代、出土器物及其葬式推断,四川地区船棺葬是古蜀人的墓葬,在西周晚期起源于金沙遗址,然后向四周扩散。

In the early 2000s,large-scale excavations at the Jinsha site revealed large numbers of boat-coffin burials at many locations throughout the site.From the material already published on the boat-coffin burials,it becomes clear that the burial objects from some of the newly-excavated graves at Jinsha are very different from those found in previouslyexcavated boat-coffin burials.Based on the cultural layers already excavated around the boatcoffin burials at Jinsha and research on the types of burial goods they combined,combined with a comparative analysis of objects excavated from graves at Jinsha,Shi’erqiao,Xinyicun,and neighboring sites,it becomes possible to date these boat-coffin burials from Jinsha to the late Western Zhou,early and middle Spring and Autumn Period,and Phase 3 of the late Spring and Autumn Period.Concluding from the date of the boat-coffin burials and the analysis of excavated objects and burial customs,it becomes clear that the boat-coffin burials from Sichuan are the graves of the ancient Shu people,a custom that emerged during the late Western Zhou from the site of Jinsha and spread from there to surrounding regions.