试论西南地区三叉格铜剑的年代与源流

A Study on the Chronology, Origin and Development of Bronze Trident-shaped Swords in Southwest China

本文使用类型学方法,结合器物共存关系和测年数据,讨论了西南地区三叉格铜剑的年代,认为其主要流行时间在战国早中期而非西汉。其次结合其年代和分布讨论了三叉格铜剑的源流,认为从组合式剑的分布来看,三叉格剑来源于北方草原地区这个结论是可以接受的。考古年代学与科技考古学的线索可能显示,三叉格铜剑的传播并不是单线的直接传播,西北地区与西南地区的铜剑或自有其发展序列,而三叉格铜柄铁剑是由当地铜剑自行发展而来的。这一研究说明'边地半月形文化传播带'上传播图景应是复杂而多元的。

Based on typological study and related 14C data, this paper proposed that the majority of bronze trident-shaped swords found in southwest China can be dated to Warring state period instead of Western Han Dynasty. Then the origin and development of bronze trident-shaped swords is discussed. The author agrees with the original proposal that this trident-shaped swords are distributed from the Eurasia steppe, yet the pattern of diffusion could be complicated. Chronological and Archaeometallurgical evidence indicates two different local developments of bronze trident-shaped swords between Southwest and Northwest China. This study shows that general pattern of diffusion in the 'half moon-shaped cultural zone' could be complex and multi-oriented.