成都天回镇老官山汉墓发掘简报

Preliminary Report on Excavations of the Han Graves of Laoguanshan, Tianhui Township, Chengdu

2012年7月至2013年8月,成都文物考古研究所和荆州文物保护中心组成联合考古队对成都市金牛区天回镇的一处西汉时期墓地进行抢救性考古发掘,共发掘西汉时期土坑木椁墓4座,出土大量漆木器、陶器,以及少量铜器和铁器等珍贵器物。首次发现大量西汉时期简牍,出土九部书,其中部分医书极有可能是失传了的中医扁鹊学派经典书籍。出土的完整的人体经穴俑,应是迄今我国发现的最早的、最完整的经穴人体医学模型,与墓葬出土经脉医书相对照,为揭开中华医学经脉针灸理论的起源和发展具有重要意义。出土的四部织机模型应是前所未见的蜀锦提花机模型,是迄今我国发现的唯一有出土单位的、完整的西汉时期织机模型,对于研究纺织技术的起源和发展具有重大意义。

From July 2012 to August 2013,a joint team of Chengdu Institute of Archaeology and Jingzhou Center of Heritage Conservation conducted rescue excavations at a Western Han cemetery in Tianhui Township,Jinniu District,City of Chengdu.Altogether,four earth-pit graves with wooden coffins dating to the Western Han period have been excavated containing a large number of lacquer objects and ceramics and a small number of bronze and iron objects.Additionally,for the first time a large number or Western Han bamboo and wooden slips have been discovered in this region;they comprise nine medical books,one of them possibly part of the lost book of Chinese Medicine of the Bian Que School.The complete human lacquer figure excavated here is probably the earliest complete medical model of human meridians known to date,and it fits with the description of human meridians in the texts found in these grave.This find is therefore of great importance for research on the origin of the theory of meridians and acupuncture in Chinese Medicine.The four loom models found here are probably models of the looms used for producing Shu-style brocade.This site is thus the only place where such a complete model of a Western Han loom has ever been found.The site is thus of great importance for the study of the origin and development of textile technology.