贵州遵义县鹤鸣洞道教铭刻的田野考察与研究

Survey and Research on the Taoist Engravings of Heming Cave in Zunyi County, Guizhou Province

贵州遵义县鹤鸣洞洞壁分布的30方题记框可分为三类,其中第三类题刻并非道教符策,而是可以释读的草书文字,其内容与道教二十四治、二十四炁、二十四节气有关。三类题刻的书写者均为颠仙,其刻写时间大致相当,不会早于杨斌致仕的正德十三年到正德十五年。联系相关道教经典,第三类题刻分布位置带有较强的特征,二十四治、二十四炁、二十四节气的顺序与组合带有典型的晚期特点,具有明显的道教正一派特色,是明代播州地区现存极为罕见的与杨氏土司有关的宗教遗迹,也是研究西南地区明代道教正一派传播和发展史的重要实物材料。

The 30 inscriptions on the walls of Heming Cave in Zunyi County,Guizhou Province,can be divided into three categories.The third type are non-Taoist characters,Chinese cursive script that is legible and refers to the 24 regions,the 24 airs,and the 24 solar terms of Taoism.This third inscription type is written by someone who calls himself Dianxian and they must all have been written around the same time,no earlier than the 13th or 15th year of Zhengde(AD 1518-1520).When connecting the inscriptions with related Taoist classics,it becomes clear that the third type of inscriptions has strong local characteristics with the sequence of the 24 regions,24 airs,and 24 solar terms having late characteristics typical for the Zhengyi Group of Taoism.Such evidence for religious activities of the Yang clan tnsi from Ming period Bozhou region is very rare and very important material for research on the development of Taoist Zhengyi Group of Ming Dynasty in Soutiiwest China.