西汉人口数量变化的社会因素

Social Factors of The West Han Dynasty' Population Changing

影响西汉人口数量增减变化的因素很多、很复杂,其中以影响人口出生和死亡水平的社会政治经济因素和自然灾害为最重要。西汉初年,为了增加社会劳动力,恢复和发展生产,统治阶级实行了一系列有利于人口增殖的制度措施:允许农民占有一定土地,轻徭薄赋,奖励生育,招抚流民,释放奴婢等,使西汉前期人口以较快的速度增长。自武帝始,统治阶级日益腐化,土地兼并加剧,武帝长达30年的对外用兵,大规模的徭役征发,加上统治阶级的挥霍浪费,不断加重税额,百姓财竭力尽,社会生产受到严重破坏。战争死亡,饥饿死亡,严重杀婴,生育下降,造成人口大量减少。上述因素相互影响,共同制约着西汉人口数量变化。

Mang complex factors influenced the West Han Dynasties' population changing.Above all,political factors and naturac calamities were vital important,which affected birth and death of the population.In the early the West Han Dynasty, in order to increase social labour force, domination class carried out a lot of measures,which contributed to increase of the amount of the population,like encouraging childbearing,releasing slaves and so on. Domination class corrupted little by little. Wars and killing children made the population decrease.And all these factors influenced the mount of the West Han Dynasties population.