试析严复对中国传统文化的"离异"与"复归

An Analysis of YAN Fu's Disassociation from and Return to Chinese Traditional Culture

严复对中国传统文化由"离异"到"复归"的思想演变轨迹大致可分为三个阶段:一是从甲午战争前后至戊戌维新时期,严复基于坚实的西学功底、甲午战局的唤醒、科考屡试不第的愤懑等原因,大力提倡全面西化,批斥中学;二是从戊戌政变后至辛亥革命时期,严复基于对当时西方社会弊病有了初步认识以及早年所受传统文化的熏陶等原因,极力主张中西文化折衷;三是在民国时代及其晚年,基于对第一次世界大战后西方文明的深感绝望、所受斯宾塞庸俗进化论的影响以及官运亨通的个人经历等原因,竭力推崇旧学复古。

YAN Fu'Perspectives on Chinese traditional culture continually shifted and changed from disassociation to return. This process can be divided into three stages:The first stage occurred from the time of Sino-Japanese War to the Reform Movement of 1898.In this period of time,YAN Fu criticized Chinese cuiture severely and tried to prompt it to be completely westernized. This happened because he has a solid Knowledge of western culture,and the Sino-Japanese war made him aware that China needed to develop along with the rest of the world. In addition to this, he had been depressed because of his failure in passing the Chinese imperial examination.The second stage is from after the Reform Movement of 1898 to the Revolution of 1911. YAN Fu proposed the eclectic mixture of Chinese and western culture, because at that time,YAN Fu had begun to realize the disadvantages of western culture and the value of Chinese traditional culture. The third stage occurred during the period of the Repulic of China. In this period of time, in despair over the condition of western culture after the First World War,YAN Fu shifted his perspective to again hold Chinese traditional culture in high esteem. Another reason for this rediscovery is that he was also greatly influenced by Spenser's Philistine theory of Evolution and his own successful official career.