人体名词和“上”、“下”

Nouns About Human Body and'Up' and'Down'

方位词基本上是对称和整齐的。但是,在具体的使用中,尤其是在与一些同类词语的搭配中,方位词常常会出现不对称的现象。所谓不对称,主要是指词义相对的词语并不具有相对称的形式.如“上”和“下”的不对称。本文考察方位词“上、下”在与有关身体部位名词搭配时对称性和不对称性特点,分析这些现象的视点、论域与参考点。

Nouns of locality are basically symmetrical and neat. However, in actual use, particularly in collocation with words of the same part of speech, they often exhibit asymmetry. The asymmetry mainly refers to words of opposite meanings but of different asymmetrical forms. This paper examines the symmetry and asymmetry of'up' and'down' in their collocations with nouns about human body in terms of their perspectives, register and frames of reference.