也谈按劳分配与按生产要素分配的理论基础

On the Theoretic Ground for Distribution According to Performance and Productive Factor

马克思认为,任何一种收入分配的形式都由特定的生产方式决定。资本主义社会个人收入分配完全实行按生产要素分配,是由资本主义生产要素所有制形式和生产力的发展状况决定的;社会主义社会实行按劳分配的根据是生产关系与生产力相统一的社会主义生产方式。我国现阶段实行按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合的分配制度,是由社会主义初级阶段特有的要素所有权结构和生产方式决定的。允许和鼓励生产要素参与收益分配是市场经济的基本特征和必然要求,社会主义的按要素分配要受到社会主义基本制度的制约。

Karl Marx thought that a distribution system was determined by its relevant mode of production. In a capitalist society, the individual income is totally based on productive factors, which is decided by the ownership of capitalist productive factors and development of productive force; in a socialist society, distribution according to performance is based on the socialist mode of production that unite production relation with productive force. At present, China is adopting a mixed system of distribution according to both performance and productive factor, which is justified by the special ownership structure of productive factors and mode of production at the primary stage of socialism. It is the basic feature and prerequisite of market economy to permit and encourage distribution according to productive factors and the socialist system of distribution according to performance must be conditioned by the socialist system itself.