从《原道》看刘勰的文学观

Liu Xie′s View on Literary in "Yuan Dao

刘勰《文心雕龙》的篇首《原道》,历来争论颇多。我认为,以单一的儒家之道或纯粹的道家之道来解释《原道》,都是不足为据的。就"道沿圣以垂文,圣因文以明道"一句来看,第一个"道",当为道家的自然之道,是天道;第二个"道",实则圣化以后的道,是圣人所体悟的并在文章里表现的道,乃道家的天道与儒家的人道的统合。在此基础上,刘勰进一步分析了文学的起源、本质、作用、发展以及特征等,建构起科学而完整的文学观。

The first chapter 'Yuan Dao' (or 'The Original Way') in Liu Xie′s The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons has always been in controversy. This article holds that it is groundless to interpret 'Yuan Dao' either merely in terms of the Confucian Tao or solely in terms of the Taoist Tao. From the sentence 'Tao finds its expression the sages′ writings while sages come to understand Tao through writings', it is obvious that Tao can either be one of the natural laws for the Taoists or be actually the hallowed one, one that the sages have perceived and spoke out in his writings,and one that combines the Confucian Tao with the Taoist Tao. On this basis,Liu Xie discussed the origin,essence,function,development,characteristics and so on of literature,and built up a scientific and comprehensive literary view.