三种抗生素对蔬菜种子芽与根伸长的生态毒性效应

Ecotoxicity of Three Antibiotics to Shoots and Root Elongation of Cucumber,Rape and Chinese Cabbage

采用水培法研究金霉素(Chlortetracycline,CTC)、诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NFLX)、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(Sulfametoxydiazine,SMD)三种抗生素对黄瓜、油菜、小白菜三种蔬菜种子芽和根伸长的影响,比较分析了抗生素的生态毒性差异和相对敏感的蔬菜与指标。结果表明:(1)根长是更为敏感的生态毒性指标;(2)三种抗生素对黄瓜的生态毒性依次是金霉素>磺胺对甲氧嘧啶>诺氟沙星,对油菜和小白菜的生态毒性则分别是磺胺对甲氧嘧啶>金霉素>诺氟沙星和磺胺对甲氧嘧啶>诺氟沙星>金霉素;(3)三种蔬菜对于金霉素和磺胺对甲氧嘧啶胁迫的敏感性均为油菜>小白菜>黄瓜,而对于诺氟沙星胁迫的敏感性依次是小白菜>黄瓜>油菜。该结果为评价抗生素污染对生态环境和人体健康的潜在影响提供了理论依据。

In order to evaluate the ecological toxicity of three antibiotics[chlortetracycline(CTC),norfloxacin(NFLX)and sulfametoxydiazine(SMD)],three vegetables,cucumber(No.4 of New Jinyan),rape(QiRu Green)and Chinese cabbage(Huangyang),were grown in hydroponic condition to observe their shoot and root elongation as well as half-inhibition concentration(IC50)under six different concentrations of CTC and SMD(0,10,30,50,70,90 mg·L-1),and NFLX(0,20,40,80,160,320 mg·L-1).Results showed that:(1)roots were more sensitive than shoots;(2)ecological toxicity of three antibiotics was CTC >SMD >NFLX for cucumber,SMD >CTC >NFLX for rape,and SMD >NFLX>CTC for Chinese cabbage;(3)tolerance of vegetables to SMD and CTC was cucumber>Chinese cabbage>rape,whereas NFLX had the largest impact on Chinese cabbage,followed by cucumber and rape.These results demonstrate the potential ecological impacts of antibiotics in the environment.