不同原料来源生物质炭对蔬菜种植土壤氮磷流失的影响

Effects of Applications of Different Biochars on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in Vegetable Soil

选择由竹子、水稻秸秆和烟草杆制成的生物质炭,研究不同原料来源生物质炭在不同添加量条件下对蔬菜生长和土壤氮磷流失的影响。结果表明,生物质炭种类和添加量对蔬菜生长和下渗水量产生了影响,且各处理均降低了氮磷流失,但各处理间规律不明显。对总氮和总磷流失,竹炭分别降低2.6%~19.4%和9.1%~30.3%,秸秆炭分别降低5.5%~20.4%和13.9%~19.0%,烟草杆炭分别降低4.1%~17.9%和17.6%~28.7%,生物质炭添加对降低总磷流失效果优于总氮。当竹炭和烟草杆炭添加量为5%时,对总氮总磷流失降低效果较佳,可作为实际应用参考添加量。

Biochar has potential to adsorb soil nutrients and thus may reduce nutrient losses to the water environment. In this study, nitrogen and phosphorus losses in vegetable soil amended with three different biochars were investigated. These three biochars were made from bam-boo, rice straw and tobacco stem. The type and rate of biochar tended to impact vegetable biomass and soil water percolating capacity. How-ever, applying biochars significantly reduced nitrogen and phosphorus losses. Total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)losses were re-duced by 2.6%~19.4%and 9.1%~30.3%for bamboo charcoal, 5.5%~20.4%and 13.9%~19.0%for rice straw charcoal, and 4.1%~17.9%and 17.6%~28.7%for tobacco stem biochar, respectively. The reduction of TP loss was greater than that of TN loss in all treatments. The least losses of TN and TP were observed in soil amended with bamboo or tobacco stem biochars at a rate of 5%.