铺料厚度对双孢蘑菇栽培过程酶活性和CO2排放的影响

Effects of Substrate Thickness on CO_2 Emissions and Enzyme Activities of Substrates During Agaricus bisporus Cultivation

通过设置不同铺料厚度的双孢蘑菇箱栽实验,评价铺料厚度对产量和绝对生物学效率的影响,并监测分析不同阶段培养料CO_2排放通量以及羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和淀粉酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,随着铺料厚度的增加,双孢蘑菇子实体产量呈现增加的趋势,而其绝对生物学效率呈现降低的趋势。整个栽培过程中4个处理的羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和淀粉酶活性的动态变化规律相似,第一个峰值出现在菌丝生长后期,第二个峰值在子实体形成阶段,其中菌丝生长后期(15 d)20 cm铺料厚度处理的羧甲基纤维素酶活性最高,分别比10、15、25 cm处理高135.7%、104.6%和97.6%,淀粉酶活性分别高25.0%、19.4%和31.7%,且20 cm铺料厚度处理与其他3个处理间的差异达显著性水平。不同处理CO_2排放速率没有明显的日变化规律,但随着铺料厚度的增加,CO_2排放速率增加,其中25 cm处理CO_2平均排放速率分别比10、15、20 cm处理高19.3%、18.7%和11.4%。

Substrate stacking thickness influences not only the yield of Agaricus bisporus, but also CO2 emissions, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different substrate stacking thicknesses on CO2 emissions and enzymatic activities of substrates during A . bisporus cultivation. There were four thickness treatments, including 10 cm(A), 15 cm(B), 20 cm(C)and 25 cm(D). The yield of A. bisporus increased, but the absolute biological efficiency decreased as the substrate thickness in-creased. During the whole period of A . bisporus growth, carboxymethyl cellulose, xylanase and amylase activities showed similar dynamics in different treatments:the first maximum value occurred at the late mycelial growth stage, and the second maximum value appeared at the fruit body formation stage. On the 15th day of the experiment, carboxymethyl cellulase and amylase activities were highest in the 20 cm treat-ment, being 135.7%and 25.0%, 104.6%and 19.4%, and 97.6%and 31.7%higher than those in the 10 cm, 15 cm and 25 cm thickness treatments, respectively. Significant differences in the enzyme activities were observed between 20 cm and the other three depth treatments. Carbon dioxide emissions showed similar diurnal dynamics in four treatments. The rates of CO2 emissions increased with increasing substrate thickness. The average CO2 emission rate in 25 cm thickness treatment was 19.3%, 18.7%and 11.4%greater than that in the 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm thickness treatments, respectively.