杜甫华州罢官西行秦州考论

Textual Research on Du Fu′s Dismissal from His Huazhou Office

《新唐书·杜甫传》载:"(乾元元年,甫)出为华州司功参军,关辅饥,辄弃官去,客秦州……"遂为后世所宗,古今皆无异辞,然而这个说法并不成立。首先,《新唐书》"弃官"说文献上缺少依据;另外,古今治杜者归纳地杜甫"弃官"的其他理由亦不充分。按杜诗中尝自言"罢官",而罢官是符合事实的。杜甫罢官的原因与他华州任内荒怠职务有关,尤其与他任内触犯禁内外官员"私出州县界"法律规定有关。杜甫因为牢骚太盛而行为有失检点,导致罢官是必然结果,而西行秦州则是他罢官后无奈中的仓促选择。学界为了完成诗人的完美形象,故乐于弃官说而未能深究罢官的真相。

History of New Tang Dynasty-Biography of Du Fu recorded: (In the 1st year d uring Qian yuan reign).Du Fu was appointed as the sigong can jun of Huazhou. The n a famine made him give up his office and lived in Qin zhou .This statement was accepted by the later generations. In fact,it had no enough documented Proof, a nd the other reasons, held by the Du Fu poem′s scholar isn′t abundant,either.A s he said in his poems, the real fact of Du Fu′s leaving was his dismissal from the office. Besides his neglection of duty during his office, he broke the law that the officials were forbidden to go beyond the border of his office. Too muc h grievance and impermissive behaviours led to his dismissal.Then he had to go w estward to Qinzhou hastily. Because the scholars want to perfect Du′s figure,th ey would rather hold the idea of Du Fu′s giving up his office than pursue the t ruth of his dississal.