中国近代民族国家建构及其宪政启示

The Constitutional Reading of Nation-State Construction in Modern China

在近代中国,民族意识与民族主义诉求均非自然生成,在'救亡'的旗帜下,民族主义被作为政治认同、群体归宿感与社会价值取向的凝聚点和新的精神核心。近代西方民族国家建构过程中所展现的'从民族认同到国家认同'的历史逻辑,在近代中国被演绎为'为实现国家认同而寻求民族认同'。中国的民族主义既未能与自由主义伴生,也未能与自由主义互见长短、相得益彰。故此,当民族既存,国家权力格局与运作规划却难有观念指引,造成了近代宪政实验的困局。

The Constitutional Reading of Nation-State Construction in Modern ChinaAbstract: In the modem China, the national consciousness and nationalism are not generated incasual. Under the banner of “salvation” , nationalism is regarded as the cohesive point and new spiritual core of political identity, community end-result and social value orientation. The historical logic of “ from national identity to national identity ” in the construction of modemwestem nation-state has been interpreted as “ seeking national identity for the realization of national identity” in modem China. China's nationalism is neither bomnor going hand in hand with liberalism. Therefore, while the nation existences, the structure and the operation of state powermay not get guidance from the very superstructure, resulting in the predicament of the realization of modem constitutionalism.