都市区制造业生产率的分类效应与影响因素研究

Classification Effect and Influencing Factors of Manufacturing Productivity in Urban Area

采用1998—2007年上海电子信息制造业企业数据作为样本,以邮编区为空间单元,通过空间面板杜宾模型研究集聚外部性、空间分类对都市区制造业生产率的影响。结果发现,上海电子信息制造业在中心城区和郊区的全要素生产率差距呈现缩小态势,并未出现双边分类效应,还未像发达国家那样出现晚期集聚;产业技术投入强度高的企业在区域内呈现外部不经济效应,使生产率整体水平下降;区域产业政策中,补贴政策对生产率有一定的提升作用,而税率与生产率呈现良性互动的关系;企业在规模和创新产出方面的异质性对生产率也有一定的正向影响。因此,有必要控制区域集聚程度,通过区域政策引导产业的空间分类,充分发挥创新产出的空间溢出效应,推动生产率高的企业再次定位到中心城区。

Taking Shanghai electronic information manufacturing industry from 1998 to 2007 as an example and zip code area as space unit,this paper studies effects of agglomeration externalities and spatial classification on the productivity of manufacturing enterprises in urban areas by using spatial panel Durbin model.The results indicate that TFP gap of Shanghai electronic information manufacturing industry shows a narrowing trend in the central urban and suburban area.There is no bilateral classification effect and late agglomeration as developed countries.Enterprises with high input intensity of industrial technology show external uneconomic effects within the region,which reduces the overall level of enterprise productivity.The subsidy has a limited effect on productivity in the regional industrial policy,while the tax rate and productivity show a positive interaction relationship.The heterogeneity in size and output of innovation also has a positive effect on productivity.Therefore,it is necessary to control the degree of regional agglomeration,guide the spatial classification of industries through regional policies,and give full play to the spatial spillover effect of innovation output to promote the relocation of high-productivity enterprises to the central city.