木林子自然保护区河谷樱花群落特征分析

Analysis on the characteristics of Cerasus communities in the valley of Mulinzi Nature Reserve

在野外调查的基础上,运用群落学研究方法,对湖北鹤峰县木林子自然保护区樱花群落进行了研究。结果表明:1在所调查的2 500 m2样地中,共有维管束植物213种,隶属于87科169属;种-多度格局及Raunkiaer频度结果分析显示,该群落物种分布不均匀且植被存在分化和演化的趋势,Raunkiaer频度定律表现为A】B】C】D】E。2群落植物区系属的分布类型可分为13种,以温带性质居多占54.86%,热带成分占42.36%,中国特有分布占2.78%,植物区系具有明显的过渡性。3群落垂直结构可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层;高度在3~7 m集中了乔木层的多数物种,说明整个群落的高度不高;此外,群落郁闭度不高,草本层有较多的阳性杂草。4重要值分析表明野生早樱、尾叶樱和盐肤木为该群落乔木层的优势种群,其重要值分别为12.657%、10.570%和9.577%;灌木层的优势树种为马银花、水马桑和阔叶箬竹,他们的重要值分别为7.890%、7.465%和6.805%。5立木级分析表明,野生早樱、尾叶樱、柳杉、华桑等为衰退种群,而短柄枹、构树、山胡椒等为增长种群。该地区的樱花群落是一种不稳定的森林群落,加大樱花资源的引种开发是保护该类植物的最佳手段。

Based on the field investigation, the Cerasus community in the valley of Mulinzi Nature Reserve was studied by the mean of phytocoenology. The results showed:①in the 2 500 m2 quadrats, there were 213 vascular plants ( inclu-ding varieties) , which belong to 169 genera and 87 families;it was indicated by the analyses of species abundance pat-tern and Raunkiaer frequency law ( A>B>C>D>E) that the species were uneven distribution in the community and the vegetation has the tendency of differentiation and evolutionary. ②The genera of community flora could be divided into 13 distribution types, among which the temperate elements made up 54. 86%, while the tropical elements made up 42?36%, and China endemic elements occupied 2.78%. The plant flora had evidently characteristics of transition. ③the vertical structure of cherry community could be divided into tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer, and most of trees dis-tributed in the height of 3~7 m, which mean the community was not so tall; meanwhile, because of the law canopy, most weeds invaded in the community.④C. subhirtella var. ascendens, C. dielsiana and Rhus chinensis, important values of which were 12.657%, 10.570% and 9.577%, respectively, were the dominant populations in the tree layer. Rhodo-dendron ovatum, Weigela japonica var. sinica and Indocalamus latifolius were the dominant populations in the shrub lay-er, which important values were 7. 890%, 7. 465% and 6. 805%, respectively. ⑤The analysis of structure diagrams of standing trees indicated that C. subhirtella var. ascendens, C. dielsiana, Cryptomeria japonica and Morus cathayana were declining in the community, while Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata, Broussonetia papyrifera and Lindera glauca were inverse. As one kind of unstable secondary forest, the best way to protect the resource of cherry is to exploit and intro-duce artificially.