劳动力转移、要素替代及其约束条件

Labor Transfer,Factor Substitution and Constraints

劳动力转移背景下农业劳动力减少和非农收入增加本应诱使农户在农业生产中使用资本替代劳动,但我国农户生产规模偏小、农业市场发育缓慢以及分散的农业生产组织形式可能会制约该要素替代效应的发生。文章以水稻生产为例,利用六省市787家农户的调查数据进行了实证检验。结果表明:农户劳动力务工时间和务工汇款增加不会导致资本劳动比率明显提高;其中要素市场发育滞后以及农户分散的生产组织形式构成了要素替代效应的约束条件,但文章没有发现小规模土地经营制约农户使用资本替代劳动的证据。

The decrease of agricultural labor force and the increase of migrant workers income should have enticed farmers to substitute capital for labor.Small production scales of Chinese farmer households,slow growth in agricultural market and decentralized organization form of agricultural production are likely to restrict this effect of factor substitution.Taking rice production as an example,this paper carried an empirical test on the survey data of six provinces covering 787 farmers.The results showed that the farmers migrant labor time and migrant remittances increase did not lead to significant capital labor ratio increase;the lagging market development and dispersed production organization constitute the constraints of factor substitution effect,but this paper found no evidence of small scale land management restricting capital as an alternative of labor.