我国农机合作社农机作业成本收益分析--基于区域和规模的比较

Cost-effective Analysis on Machinery Operation of China Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives:Based on Comparison of East-Central-West Regions and Different Scales

利用农业部农村经济研究中心对全国25个省农机合作社的调研数据,运用单因素方差分析方法对东、中、西部和不同规模的农机合作社在小麦、玉米和稻谷的耕地、播种/插秧、植保和收割四个农机作业环节方面的成本和收益进行了对比研究。研究发现中西部的农机合作社相比东部成本低,收益也低;大规模的合作社并不一定会形成规模经济,社员人数和农业机械拥有量对成本和收益的影响不显著,农机作业面积是决定农机合作社成本和收益最为显著的因素;大规模合作社也并不一定带来区域垄断,稻谷的分析表明合作社规模越大,其相应的作业价格越低。本文实证结果暗含今后我国农机合作社支持政策应当以中西部和大规模为补贴重点。

This paper used the data of RCRE′s survey on China agricultural machinery cooperatives in 25 provinces.The cost and benefit of per acre in the four sections of farm machinery operations——cultivation,seeding/transplanting,plant protection and reaping of wheat,corn and rice conducted by agricultural machinery cooperatives in east-central-west regions and of different scales were analyzed by the single factor analysis of variance method.The study found that the cost and benefit of agricultural machinery cooperatives in the mid-west was lower than those in the east.In the comparison of different scales of agricultural machinery cooperatives,the cost and benefit of different scales as characterized by the number of the members and the amount of agricultural machinery showed no significant differences,but the cost and benefit of cooperatives as distinguished by operation areas displayed significant differences.It showed operation area was the most significant factor that determined the cost and benefit of agricultural machinery cooperatives.Taken together,the larger the scale of cooperatives was,the more of scale economy would be manifested and the lower the cost and price will be.The empirical results of this study suggested that the support policy should emphasize on the subsidy to the mid-west agricultural machinery cooperatives and the large scale of agricultural machinery cooperatives in future.