土地准征收与补偿:土地发展权视角

Land Quasi-expropriation and Compensation:Perspective of Land Development Right

土地管制在现代社会普遍存在,是对土地利用外部性矫正和提供公共品的必要措施。但管制具有财富分配的强大能力,且构成对财产权的定义和干预,是公权力和私权利之间的平衡,这使得受限土地所有者受到不合理的损害。损害的本质是土地发展权的剥夺。国家在对土地进行管制的时候,要注意对土地财产权的保护,防止走入准征收。国家是否承认和赋予土地基本发展权是判定准征收构成及管制合理性的首要标准。对构成准征收的土地应该给予补偿,对含有基本土地发展权的土地不需要补偿。

Land regulations exist pervasively in modern society and are essential measures for redressing the externality in land use and providing public goods.In the meantime,land regulations always serve as a definition and intervention to property right,with the powerful ability of wealth distribution.The behavior of land regulation is a balance between public power and private right while the restrained land owner suffers from unreasonable harm.The essence of harm is the deprivation of development right.It is urgent to protect land property right in case of land expropriation where there is land regulation to prevent quasi-expropriation.The fundamental judgment of expropriation and justification of regulation is whether the right of development is recognized and granted by the state.It is necessary to compensate the land owner suffering from quasi land expropriation while it is unnecessary to compensate the person possessing land development right.