财政转移支付的激励效应:地方政府为什么支持粮食生产?——基于粮食主产区JS县的调研

Incentive Effect of Fiscal Transfer: Why Does the Local Government Support Grain Production? —Based on the Field Survey from Main Grain Production Region

粮食安全事关中国的政权和社会稳定,工业化和城镇化的发展对粮食安全提出了严峻的挑战。通过对江西省一个粮食主产县的调研发现,在当前农业税收政策下,地方政府其实并不能从支持粮食生产中获得财政收入,但政府仍然会有很强的动力来提供有利于粮食生产的基础设施与资金。主要的原因就在于中央财政丰厚的支农转移支付资金的吸引、项目制的转移支付分配方式、上级政府"争资立项"的考核压力,激励了地方政府以支持农业生产来获取转移支付资金和上级奖励。虽说地方政府未必是出于粮食安全的考虑来支持农业生产,但中央财政大量的针对性的支农财政资金还是客观上促进了地方政府支持粮食生产的动力。

Food safety is a matter of regime and social security in China,which has been challenged rigorously by the development of industrialization and urbanization. Based on a field survey from a main grain production county in Jiangxi Province,we find that under the current agricultural taxation policies,the local government can gain the fiscal revenue from supporting grain production,however,the local government still has a strong motivation to supply the infrastructure and fund which benefit the grain production. The main reasons lie in the temptation of the big central government fiscal transfer supporting agriculture,the distribution way of the project system and the pressure of realizing the goal of ‘setting up projects and winning grants' exerted by the upper level government. The local government is thus stimulated to support the agricultural production to win the fiscal transfer as well as the prize awarding from the upper level government. The local government supports the grain production but not necessarily for the sake of the food security,but the big central fiscal transfers for the specific support of agriculture has indeed motivated the local government's efforts at supporting grain production.