管护效果及投资意愿:小型农田水利设施合作供给困境分析

Maintaining Effect and Funding Willingness: Empirical Analysis on Collective Supply Willingness of Farmland Irrigation Canals in Rural Community

作为农村地区最基础的生产性准公共物品,小型农田水利设施对稳定农业生产和确保国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文以粮食主产区农田共用输水渠道为分析对象,利用实地调查数据和Logistic回归方法对小型农田水利设施合作供给困境进行了实证分析。研究表明:当前,小型农田水利设施管护效果整体较差,并且仅有不足40%的农户愿意参与小型农田水利设施的建设和维护,绝大多数并不具有任何形式的投资意愿;在稻作面积占耕地面积比例高和拥有较高社会资本的用户群体,小型农田水利设施管护效果相对较好;户主年龄大、受教育程度高、非耕作收入占比高、粮食售价落差大的农户对小型农田水利设施的投资意愿较低,而灌溉地块规模大、距河道距离远的农户对小型农田水利设施的投资意愿则较高。本文分析结论蕴含几点政策启示:一是鼓励地块相邻的农户在小范围内实行联合灌溉;二是加快耕地流转进程以促进种粮大户发展;三是重视农村地区社会资本的培育;四是加快培育新型职业农民来缓解劳动力老龄化困境;五是进一步规范粮食收购市场秩序,切实执行最低收购价政策。

As the basic production sub-public goods in rural communities,farmland irrigation canal is important for agricultural production and food security. Based on the survey data of rice farmers who share irrigation canals in major field crop production areas,this paper analyzed farmers' willingness for irrigation canal management and its' influence factors in the difficult supply situation with the help of field survey data and Logistic Regression Model. This survey found that the overall maintaining effect of small-size irrigation facilities was poor,and the proportion of respondents that had the willingness for farmland irrigation canal construction and maintaining is only 40%,and most of the respondents did not have any form of willingness to participate in this collective action. The maintaining effect of small size irrigation facilities was better among the user community with higher proportion of rice farming areas and those with high social capitals. The funding willingness was low among the user community of old-aged,higher education background,higher nonfarming income rate,and higher drop of food selling price,while the funding willingness was high among the user community with larger irrigation fields and bigger distance from canals or rivers. The analysis and conclusion of this paper contained several policy-making implications,the first is to encourage farming households with their fields next to each other to cooperate in irrigation within small scale,the second is to speed up farmland transfer process to boost the development of large-scale farming,the third is to cultivate the social capital in rural areas,the fourth is to train new-type professional farmers to alleviate the aging problems of rural labor,and the last one is to standardize the grain acquisition market order and ensure that the lowest purchasing price policy is in place.