精英俘获与扶贫资源资本化研究——基于河北南村的个案研究

Studies on Elite Power Taking and Capitalization of Poverty-relief Resources: A Case Study of Village Nan,Hebei Province

基于对河北省一个国家重点贫困村庄的实地调查发现,精英俘获成为影响农村脱贫效果的重要原因。国家扶贫资源存在的不同形式决定了地方精英对资源的不同俘获模式、获利模式和影响。研究发现,不同于精英直接俘获货币型资源的传统方式,面对以实物形式存在的非货币型扶贫资源,地方精英难以直接获利,于是借助资源下乡的项目制、后税费时代农村形成的结构性权力真空和地方社会对精英的认同文化,以俘获扶贫资源使用权,并将其以资本化经营的方式占有了扶贫资源产生的大部分收益,但由于实物扶贫资源的特殊性,精英俘获行为不但在经济上增加了贫困地区农民脱贫负担,也将导致农村社会的贫困代际传递和政治上的村庄治理内卷化。

On the basis of a field survey in a state-key poverty village in Hebei Province,it is found that the elite power taking has become an important factor influencing the rural poverty-relief. The different forms of stateprovided poverty-relief resources determine the difference forms of local elites' taking power of manipulating the resources for profits. Our study reveals that,different from the traditional form of elites' direct manipula-ting the currency-form resources,the local elites,finding that it is very difficult to profit from the non-currency poverty-relief resources in the form of goods and materials,begin to capture the authority of making uses of the poverty-relief resources and further capture the lion's share of profits brought by the poverty-relief resources in the manner of capitalized management by taking advantages of project system of rural povertyrelief resources,the rural structural authority vacancy in the post-tax and duty period as well as the local society's culture of recognizing elites. However,due to the peculiarity of the goods-materials poverty-relief resources,the local elites cause not only more burdens on the local peasants,but also the inter-generation transmission of poverty and the involution of rural governance in the local community.