王尔德美学实践的生存哲学意蕴

The Meaning of Philosophy of Existence in Oscar Wilde's Practice of Aestheticism

王尔德的唯美主义包含着深层的哲学意蕴。王尔德以其对新享乐主义、个体价值、非道德原则的宣扬反映和推动着19世纪人本主义哲学反理性、去整体及非道德主义的生命追求;他交织着辉煌与堕落的人生历程,始终贯穿着审美的、超越的自省自为精神;他对死亡的书写与认知,则体现着死生张力间的"唯美"生命意志,在相当程度上呼应着存在主义哲学"向死而生"的生存图景,也激励着20世纪新尼采主义者不断创造充满快感的生命实践。

Oscar Wilde’s aestheticism contains profound philosophical implications. As a contemporary of Nietzsche,Wilde was an advocate of new-hedonism,individualism and non-moralization,in resonance obviously with the humanistic values of non-rationalism,non-collectivism and non-moralization of the 19 th century. Throughout his life of fame and infamy,there was the spirit,aesthetic and transcendental,of reflection and individualism. His expounding of his own view of death makes clear the aesthetic life-will in the tension between life and death,thus corresponding to the being-towards-death prospect,depicted in the later philosophy of existentialism,and inspiring the 20 th century philosophers of neo-Nietzscheism to pursue a life philosophy of self-transcendence and pleasure creation.