近代新兴差比介词“如/似”的历史来源与形成机制

The Origin and Formation Mechanism of the Modern Emerging Preposition Ru(如)/Si(似) in the Comparative Sentences

至唐代,差比句中的"如/似"完成了由动词到介词用法的演变。在演化过程中特殊的句法位置是促使"如/似"语法化,并能替换介词"于"成为元明时期主流差比标记介词的主要动因,"于"与"如/似"语义上的相通性,也为等比动词"如/似"的语法化起到了一定推动作用。清代以后,受前期"于"字式逐渐消亡大趋势的影响,再加上"如/似"表义不明的先天缺陷和唐代新兴"比"字式差比句强劲的发展势头,使得"如/似"字式逐渐衰落而仅保留在一些特殊句式中。

Ru(如)/Si(似) had become a preposition in the comparative sentences since Tang Dynasty. The Special syntactic positions was the most important motivation in the grammaticalization course of Ru/Si. The semantic interconnectedness also played a role in the process of grammaticalization. The syntactic format became the mainstream comparative sentences in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. After the Qing Dynasty,the syntactic format gradually declined and solidified into a special sentence under the influence of the great trend of comparative sentences with the preposition Yu(于),the uncertainty of the meaning and the new comparative sentences with the preposition Bi(比) in the Tang Dynasty.