楚骚与神弦交轨的哀辞——论王维《祠渔山神女歌》的独特性

The Lament with Combination between Songs of Chu and Sacrifice——On the Uniqueness of Wang Wei's A Song Sacrificed to Goddess of the Fishing Mountain

王维《祠渔山神女歌》作为骚体诗,被誉为"《骚》之匹也"。综合《祠渔山神女歌》音韵、形式结构、语言风格、地域文化等多个角度研究其创作情况,发现其歌辞不是因声而作歌,而是拟古基础上的自创新辞,且其拟古针对的是模拟神弦歌结构模式;其创作意图是结合身世贬谪之感的应酬之作,且其所具有的雅的特征,决定了其选词入乐的可能性很低,在不被作为地方祭祀乐章的情况下,显然也不会被纳入国家宗庙祀神乐章体系中,即不被登于乐府。同时从其创作情况总结,《祠渔山神女歌》是糅合神与骚、祠祀与爱恋的产物,具有杂糅与复归两大独特属性。

As a poem of Chu Ci style,Wang Wei’s A Song Sacrificed to Goddess of the Fishing Mountain has been praised as the one'matching sorrow after departure'.Through the study of the poem from the perspectives of its prosody,form,linguistic style and regional culture,the author has found that its lyrics were not composed according to its tune,but created on the basis of imitating the predecessors’works.Further,such imitation was around the structure of the sacrifice songs.And its creation was to reflect the poet’s encounter.And its feature of elegance determined the low possibility of being selected into music.It would be taken as the local sacrifice song and brought into the national ones.From its creation,this poem was the combination between goddess and Chu Ci,and sacrifice and love.And it was characterized by amalgamation and returning.