马克思对尤尔的思想超越及其理论意义

Marx's Transcendence of Ure's Ideas and Its Theoretical Significance

在马克思思想形成中,尤尔是一个决不可小觑的重要人物。马克思在《1861-1863年经济学手稿》及《资本论》中大量征引了尤尔的著作《工厂哲学》。尤尔对马克思最重要的贡献体现在尤尔对机器大工业的判断上,这个判断是从机器和机器体系入手的;但尤尔仅仅将机器看作是机器(机器是纯粹的机器),因此导致他对机器大工业的判断主要是从生产力的层面展开的。马克思正是在尤尔的影响下,超越了尤尔从生产力着手的理论路径,既由机器的物理层面出发又穿透机器的物理层面,从而站在历史唯物主义哲学的高度,揭示了资本主义生产方式的内在机理,最终从历史唯物主义层面完成了对机器大工业的阐释。

In the formation and development of Marx thought,Andrew Ure was an important figure who should not be overlooked. Marx in the Economic Manuscripts of 1861- 1863 and Das Kapital,Marx cited Ure's work Philosophy of Manufactures repeatedly. The most important contribution of Marx by Ure was reflected in the course of the machine industry judgment which was starting from a machine and the system of machine; Ure,however,only regarded a machine as a machine( a machine as a pure machine),resulting in his judgment of the machine industry mainly from the aspects of productive forces. It was influenced that beyond Ure's theoretical path from productivity,both by the level of physical machines and through a physical level of machine,Marx revealed the inherent mechanism of the capitalist mode of production from the historical materialism perspective and finished completing of the interpretation of machinery industry.