“翻身”:华北土改中的资源再分配

Fanshen: Redistribution of Resources During the Land Reform in North China

20世纪四五十年代的土地改革,首先是一场资源再分配运动。再分配的第一步,是以献田、仲裁、讲理、清算、没收、扫地出门等方式,从地主、富农等传统乡村精英手中获取土地和其他财产。在分配"斗争果实"时,出现过按问题分、"谁斗谁分"、平均分配、按需要分、按等级分、抓阄分配等不同做法。资源再分配是土改运动中的焦点性事件,时常引发矛盾和冲突,土改领导者既要有效化解这些冲突,也会利用它们来扩大革命动员的成效。

The land reform of China in late 1940 s and early 1950 s was essentially a campaign of redistribution of resources. The first step of the redistribution was to deprive lands and other properties from the old rural elites such as landlords and rich peasants by means of land donation,arbitration,reasoning,liquidation,confiscation,and expelling. There were also various kinds of methods to distribute so-called'struggle fruits'. As the most focus event during the land reform,redistribution of resources often initiated all Kinds of contradictions or conflicts. In order to complete the land reform successfully,the leaders had to relieve these conflicts as well as make use of them to mobilize the rural masses.