国家边界与分配正义

National Boundaries and Distributive Justice

世界主义者认为,由于国家边界的形成带有一种道德的任意性,并且不公正的世界政治经济体系对不发达国家人民贫困状况负有责任,因此分配正义不应只限于国内社会而须扩至全球范围。以罗尔斯为代表的理论家主张,一国公民同胞间所负有的分配正义义务本质上是这样产生的:自由、平等、自主的公民们,虽然是偶然地处于一个强制性结构之下,但共同深受国家强制性的政治经济制度对其生活状况及前景的影响;那些限制自主性、偏离平等基准的社会政策带来的后果,必须通过分配正义来补偿或矫正。不过,这种强制性的结构在全球层面并不具备,因此全球层面并不是一个谈论分配正义的恰当场域。

Cosmopolitans claim that distributive justice ought not be restricted to the domestic society and should be extended to the global world,for the national boundary formation is a kind of moral arbitrariness,and the current world political and economic system is liable to impoverished people in underdeveloped countries. Contrary to this view,Rawlsian theorists believe that the duties of distributive justice between the fellow citizens within a country,is triggered only in the following way: autonomous,equal and free citizens,although born into a coercive structure of state occasionally,are all affected by the political,economic and social policies of this state. Any policy that deviate from the baseline of autonomy,equality and freedom,must be corrected through mechanisms of distributive justice. The global level,however,does not have this kind of coercive structure,and therefore is not an appropriate sphere of distributive justice.