“多元建构”视角对问卷调查的方法论意义

Methodological Implications of the Perspective of Multi-subject Construction for Surveys

多元建构视角认为,问卷调查资料是多元主体相互作用、共同建构的结果。多元建构视角有三个方面的方法论意义:第一,问卷是由待测变量和语言刺激构成的,问卷设计应先设计待测变量,然后在此基础上设计语言刺激;第二,研究者应同时从受访者和访问员的角度来设计问卷和组织调查,尤其要通过提高问卷质量来降低受访者参与访谈的成本及访问员的工作难度和心理压力;第三,实施访谈时,访问员应引导受访者做出有利于访谈顺利进行的情境定义。

The data of surveys is constructed by multiple subjects through their interaction.There are three methodological implications inferred from the perspective of Multi-Subject Construction. First,questionnaires are composed of variables waiting to be measured and language stimulation,and the basic process of questionnaires design begins with variables developing,ends with the design of language stimulation. Second,when developing questionnaires and organizing the interviewing,researchers should take interviewers and respondents in consideration. Especially,they should try to improve the quality of questionnaires in order to make the interviewing easier for both of respondents and interviewers. Third,while conducting interviews,interviewers should guide respondents to make situation definition which is favorable for interviewing.