民初孙中山组建南京临时政府之权力分配格局再认识

Recognition of Power Allocation Architecture of the Nanjing Provisional Government Established by Sun Yat-sen in Early Republic of China

在革命党人与立宪派、旧官僚出身而加入革命阵营者共同推动辛亥革命进程的新旧交替之际,孙中山组建南京临时政府在形式上注意团结容纳革命阵营内部多方力量,实质上让权力集中于同盟会,某种程度排斥立宪派、旧官僚出身而加入革命阵营者,甚至革命党人中的不同派别者。孙中山等以为临时政府权力集中于同盟会、甚至较多地集中于孙中山才有利于革命,结果造成革命阵营内部多方力量与同盟会、临时政府疏远甚至对立,削弱了临时政府的凝聚力、号召力和执政效果。

When constitutionalist and bureaucracy join the revolution and jointly promote the process of revolution with the revolutionaries,the Nanjing Provisional Government established by Sun Yat-sen are focusing on bringing together all elements power in the revolutionary camp. Essentially,they centralize the authority in Chinese Revolutionary League,and repel constitutionalist and bureaucracy even the different factions in revolutionaries in a way. Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries consider that centralize the authority in Chinese Revolutionary League even more centralize in Sun Yat-sen,is beneficial to revolution. As a result,it alienates all elements power in the revolutionary camp from Chinese Revolutionary League and the Nanjing Provisional Government,and also weakens cohesion,appeal and the governing effects of the provisional government.