从“世界级非洲城市”到“新城市议程”:对约翰内斯堡发展战略的思考

From “World Status of African City” to “New Urban Agenda”:Reflection on the Development Strategy of Johannesburg

作为非洲最重要的门户枢纽,约翰内斯堡试图融合全球化和非洲文化特性,确立了世界级非洲城市的发展愿景。践行这一发展战略的政策体系主要应用纽约、伦敦等为案例的世界城市理论范式,包括对接国际制度体系、高端化的产业结构、士绅化的城市更新。这一发展战略既取得发展绩效,也出现经典世界城市类似的社会分化,过程和机制有所不同。城市化的发展阶段人口大量流入,聚焦金融为核心的生产性服务业使得资源配置严重失衡。这说明发展中国家的世界城市发展战略必须注重发展阶段和社会结构,并在此基础上进行丰富的政策设计。约翰内斯堡为推进包容为核心的新城市议程作出巨大努力,需要更多的从发展中国家借鉴经验扎实推进制度创新。

As the most important gateway hubs in southern Africa,Johannesburg is trying to integrate globalization with African characteristics. However,this strategy mainly refers to the world city paradigm generalized from New York,London,including liberalized institutional reform,upgrading industrial structure,aggressive gentrification of urban space. This development strategy and related polices have produced some great results as well as social cleavage as the classical world cities usually have. Surely,the causal mechanism is different,mainly reflected in the historical tradition of space division,and unbalance resource distribution with a focus on producer service such as finance and other global forces. Strategy for focusing on producer services in the stage of urbanization leads to the unbalanced resource allocation. This indicates the world city strategy of developing country must take the development stage and social structure into consideration,then enrich and coordinate all the policy instruments. Johannesburg has made great efforts in promoting the new urban agenda with inclusive development as the core characteristic,but still need to learn from the experiences of best practices in developing countries,achieving institutional innovation.