政绩跑步机:关于环境问题的一个解释框架

Performance Treadmill:An Explanatory Framework for Environmental Problem

大量的雾霾天气、癌症村的产生以及群体邻避事件的频发显示环境污染问题的严峻。环境污染为什么久治不愈?本文在"生产跑步机"理论基础上提出"政绩跑步机"理论。"政绩跑步机"的利益相关方包括中央政府、地方政府、企业、NGO和普通民众等多个行动主体。其外部动力根源在于中央政府自上而下的考核机制,内部动力根源在于地方官员在政绩考核下的升迁冲动,其运行还受到产业结构特别是企业生产经营技术手段和路径依赖下旧的生产模式的影响。本文认为地方政府应对政绩考核、应对财税压力和防范产业空心化等压力导致政绩跑步机不断运转,这恰是环境污染久治不愈的关键所在。

A large number of haze weather,the emergence of cancer villages and the frequent occurrence of group proximity events show the serious problem of environmental pollution. Why is environmental pollution difficult to manage for so long? On the basis of the theory of 'production treadmill',this paper puts forward the theory of 'performance treadmill'. The 'performance treadmill'stakeholders include central government,local government,business,NGO and the general public and many other actors. Its external dynamic is the central government'top-down assessment mechanism,the internal motivation lies in the local officials' desire of promotion triggered by the performance evaluation,its operation is also affected by the industrial structure,especially the old mode of production charaterized by enterprise's production and operation and technical means and path dependence. This paper argues that it is local governments' responding to the performance evaluation,coping with the pressure of fiscal and taxation and preventing the hollowing out of the industry that lead to the continuous operation of the performance treadmill. This is the key to environmental pollution.