“土改”新思维:农地股份共有制

The New Idea of “Land Reform”:The System of Agricultural Land Ownership-in-common by Stock

论文首先辨析"公有"与"共有"、"公有制"与"股份制"、"合作经济"等概念的关系,并将其作为研究的起点和理论依据。为解决农村集体土地所有权主体虚化的问题,提出农地改革新思维,主要包括将乡镇集体所有的土地国有化,村集体土地中的农用土地落实"队为基础",实行农地股份共有制。以股份形式将农地产权份额化,让农民成为土地共有权的现实所有者。农民耕种的农用土地没有私有化,也没有国有化,而是均等公平的联合共有,并由农村土地股份合作社作为农村集体土地产权主体。农地股份共有制是集体经济,也具有公有制经济的形式。农地股份共有制不是传统的承包权股份化,更有利于推动"三权分置"。这也许是农村土地制度改革的新道路。

This paper first analyzes the relations between 'public'and 'common','public ownership'and 'joint-stock system','cooperative economy'. And as the starting point and theoretical basis for the study. In order to solve the problem of the virtual ownership of rural collective land,the new thinking of land reform was put forward. It mainly includes the nationalization of all the land collectively owned by the town,fix the system of 'team based'for the agricultural land in village collective land,and implement the system of agricultural land ownership-in-common by stock. The paper proposes to securitize the ownership of agricultural land in the form of stock shares.Let farmers be the real owners of land common ownership. Land is not privatized,nor nationalized,but is equally and jointly owned by the collective. Rural land share cooperatives function as the main body of rural collective land property. The system of agricultural land ownership-in-common by stock is a collective economy,and it also has the form of public ownership economy. The system of agricultural land ownership-in-common by stock is not a traditional shareholding of the contracted land,which is more conducive to promoting 'the separation of the three rights'. This may lead to new insight for the renovation of rural land system.