农村宅基地制度面临的挑战与改革出路——基于产权完善的收益共享机制构建

The Challenge and Reform of the Rural Homestead System:The Construction of Revenue Sharing Mechanism Based on Improvement of Property Rights

宅基地利用中出现的问题,主要根源于现有产权框架下不同利益主体的博弈,核心是产权和收益分配问题。基于农村宅基地产权完善的收益共享机制的构建,是当前农村宅基地管理的关键。应遵循成员权身份的逻辑,进行操作性政策的整体框架设计:基于"成员身份"进行宅基地行政管理,保障宅基地占有的公平性;基于"财产权化",突破宅基地产权制度,保障农民土地权利;基于"市场化",设计宅基地占有激励机制,保障宅基地利用高效集约;基于"增值分配",设计宅基地整理机制,保障社会关系稳定。

The problems arising from the utilization of homestead are mainly rooted in the game of different interest subjects under the property rights framework,and the core is the problem of property right and income distribution. The key to management of rural homestead is the construction of revenue sharing mechanism based on improvement of property rights. We should design the overall framework following the logic of membership: Based on the 'membership status',the administrative management of the homestead is carried out to ensure the fairness of the possession of the homestead.Based on 'property right',the property right system of homestead is broken to guarantee the land rights of peasants. Based on the 'marketization',the incentive mechanism is designed to ensure efficient of intensive use. Based on 'value-added distribution',the homestead arrangement mechanism is designed to ensure social stability.