关系网络与越南女性的跨国迁移——基于福建永春的田野研究

Relational Networks and Transnational Migration of Vietnamese Females:Based on the Field Research in Yongchun County,Fujian Province

立足社会资本模型、以家庭为决策单位的风险多样化模型对关系网络在移民行动中作用的阐述存有忽视移民中间人和关系整合作用的理论不足,基于对福建永春地区通过婚介实现迁移的越南女性婚姻移民迁移活动中关系运用的深入调查,分析越南女性婚姻移民迁移决策与迁移行动中所运用的关系网络的特质、逻辑及模式,尝试构建关系网络与越南女性跨国迁移的新框架。研究发现,越南女性的跨国流动是婚姻缔结与迁移行动同步的特殊性流动,她们运用的关系网络普遍呈现出越南化的倾向,情感性关系是她们迁移决策的主导,工具性关系与混合性关系是她们迁移行动的核心驱动力,而不同关系网络所蕴含的资源配置方式是决定关系逻辑与模式的关键因素。正是移民中间人——婚介者主导的资源配置方式致使越南女性的迁移行动特殊化,进而使从移民中间人与关系整合视角去分析关系网络与越南女性跨国迁移的设想得以实现。

Concerned with the function of relational networks in the migration process,the social capital model and the risk diversification model,in which the decision-making mechanism is based on the unit of family,did not consider the matchmakers and integration of relations. Based on the investigation of Vietnamese female immigrants through matchmaking in Yongchun County,this paper is aimed at proposing a new framework in understanding the important roles of relational networks by analyzing the idiosyncrasy,logic and model of the networks applied in the decision-making and implementation of marriage migrations. It is found that,the transnational migration of Vietnamese females is a coupling of making of marriage and migration activities. Generally speaking,the relational networks tend to be of Vietnamese style and the emotional relation is a predominant factor in their decision-making of migrations,while instrumental relation and mixed relation form the core driving force of the implementation of migrations. At the same time,the allocation modes of resources in different relational networks determine the relational logic and models. In our case,it is just these allocation modes of resources led by the matchmakers that make the migration of Vietnamese females special. Consequently,it is meaningful to explore the relational networks in the transnational migration of Vietnamese females from the viewpoint of matchmakers and integration of relations.