观看之道:“像化”国家形象的视觉识别框架

Ways of Seeing: Recognition Framing of Visual National Image

"像化"国家形象的意义生成不仅关涉国家"源像"的媒介化呈现,更关涉"观看的语法",这很大程度上取决于基于视觉识别框架及其运作的想象性社会实践。如果说实体与要素的关系决定了属性识别框架,为观审者辨识"像化"国家形象的表现和特征提供了基本路径;那么在场与缺场的关系则确立了暗指识别框架,为观审者想象和联系图像之外的国家形象面貌及其意涵提供了重要方式;而"展面"与"刺点"所指向的则是情感识别框架,牵引观审者从对视觉文本表达的判别和解析转向主观情感的卷入和态度的阐明。三者不是一个环环相扣的自足体系,却在"像化"国家形象的认知形构中发挥重要作用。

The meaning of visual national image not only depends on the media presentation of the country’s meta-image,but also depends on the ways of seeing that have a lot to do with the imaginative social practice based on visual recognition framing. Firstly,the relationship between entities and elements determines the recognition framing of attributes,which provides the basic path for viewers to identify the presentations and characteristics of the national image. Secondly,the relationship between presence and absence establishes the recognition framing of allusion,which provides the viewers with the basic ways to imagine the appearance and meaning of the national image beyond the visual images. Thirdly,the relationship between ' STUDIUM ' and ' PUNCTUM ' refers to the recognition framing of emotion,which turns the viewers from discriminating and analyzing to emotional involvement and attitudes clarification. The three are not a self-contained system,but play an important role in the process of the cognitive formation of visual national image.